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Bulky Organic Manure
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Compost
Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
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Concentrated Organic Manure
Oil Cakes:Richest source of plant nutrient of all organic manure.
Edible oil cakes 9 (i.e., used for cattle feeding)
Non-edible oil cakes (i.e., used
as manure)
Compost
Compost is an organic manure artificially
prepared from plant residues and animal waste products. The process of making compost
is known as composting. It is largely a biological process in which aerobic (which
require air or oxygen for their development) and anaerobic (which function in absence
of air or free oxygen) micro-organisms decompose organic matter and lower the carbon-nitrogen
ratio of the refuse.
Compost is prepared from waste vegetables
and other refuse mixed with cow-dung and urine and also from town waste and night-soil.
The compost becomes ready in about three to four months without any further attention.
Composts are of two types and they differ in nature and composition.
(i) Rural/Village Compost
This type of compost is prepared
from farm waste products, e.g. straws, crop stubbles, crop residues such as sugarcane
trash, groundnut husks and leaves, cotton stalks, etc. Weeds, waste folder, urine
soaked earth, litter from cowshed and hedge clippings. This type of compost contain
0.4-0.8 per cent Nitrogen (N), 0.3-0.6 per cent PO5 and 0.7-1.0 per cent K2O.
(ii) Urban Compost or Town
Compost
This type of compost is prepared
from town waste and night soil. This type of compost contains 1.0-2.0 per cent nitrogen,
1.0 per cent nitrogen, 1.0 per cent P2O5 and 1.5 per cent K2O.
Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
Farm yard manure is a mixture of
the solid and liquid excreta of farm animals along with litter (i.e., the materials
used for bedding purposes of cattle) and left over material from roughages or fodder
fed to the cattle. The chemical composition of FYM is nitrogen—0.5%, phosphate –
0.2 %, potassium – 0.5 % and
water 76 %.
Oil Cakes
Oil cakes are the by-products of
oil seeds crops. Oil cakes are the important and quick acting organic nitrogenous
manure. It also contain small amount of phosphorous and potassium.
(i) Edible Oil Cakes
This type of oil cake is used for
feeding cattle in the form of concentrations, e.g. mustard oil cakes, groundnut
cake, sesame or til cake, linseed cake, coconut cake, etc.
(ii) Non-edible oil cakes
This type of oil cake is not suitable for feeding to cattle and mainly used for manuring crops, e.g., castor cake, neem
cake, etc. The non-edible oil cakes contain a harmful toxic substance, which make them unsuitable for feeding to cattle. But these are a good source of nitrogenous
manure. The amount of nitrogen varies with the type of oil cake. It ranges from
2.5 per cent in mahua cake to 7.9 per cent in decorticate safflower cake. In addition
to nitrogen, all oil cakes contain small quantities of phosphoric acid (0.8 to 2.9
per cent) and potash (1.1 to 2.2 per cent). Oil cakes are insoluble in water. But
their nitrogen becomes quickly available in about a week or ten days after application
to crops.